{"id":8780,"date":"2025-10-09T10:18:47","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T02:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/?post_type=article&#038;p=8780"},"modified":"2025-10-09T10:18:47","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T02:18:47","slug":"kinetic-study-on-the-physicochemical-of-ulam-raja-cosmos-caudatus-leaves-powder","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/article\/kinetic-study-on-the-physicochemical-of-ulam-raja-cosmos-caudatus-leaves-powder\/","title":{"rendered":"Kinetic Study on the Physicochemical of Ulam Raja (Cosmos caudatus) Leaves Powder"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;4\/5&#8243; css=&#8221;.asmsj-main-column{padding-bottom:10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.asmsj-inner-row{margin-bottom:10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]\t\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"mdocs\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mdocs-wrap\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mdocs-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<table class=\"table table-hover table-condensed\" id=\"mdocs-list-table\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<thead>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th class=\"mdocs-name\">Name<\/th>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th class=\"mdocs-downloads\">Downloads<\/th>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th class=\"mdocs-version\">Version<\/th>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th class=\"mdocs-author\">Owner<\/th>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th class=\"mdocs-modified\">Last Updated<\/th>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th class=\"mdocs-file-size\">File Size<\/th>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"mdocs-normal\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"mdocs-name\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mdocs-btn-group btn-group\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"mdocs-title-href\" href=\"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/?sdm_process_download=1&#038;download_id=8776\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-content\/plugins\/simple-download-monitor\/images\/pdf.png\" class=\"mdoc-file-type-icon\" alt=\"PDF\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKinetic Study on the Physicochemical of Ulam Raja (Cosmos caudatus) Leaves Powder\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"mdocs-downloads\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-cloud-download-alt\" aria-hidden=\"true\" title=\"Downloads\"><\/i>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em style=\"color: #FF9140;\">404 <small>downloads<\/small><\/em>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"mdocs-version\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-history\" aria-hidden=\"true\" title=\"Version\"><\/i>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em style=\"color: #0066FF;\">1.0<\/em>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"mdocs-author\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-user\" aria-hidden=\"true\" title=\"Owner\"><\/i>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em style=\"color: #666;\">ikram<\/em>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"mdocs-modified\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-calendar\" aria-hidden=\"true\" title=\"Last Modified\"><\/i>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em style=\"color: #990000;\">09-10-2025 10:10<\/em>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"mdocs-file-size\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-database\" aria-hidden=\"true\" title=\"File Size\"><\/i>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em>534 KB<\/em>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/table>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-center vc_custom_1753429848041 vc_do_btn\">\r\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-flat vc_btn3-block vc_btn3-icon-left vc_btn3-color-grey\" \r\n\t\t\t   href=\"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/?sdm_process_download=1&#038;download_id=8776\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"vc_btn3-icon \"><\/i> Download PDF\r\n\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n    <div class=\"asmsj-article-header\">\r\n        <p>ASM Sc. J., 20(2), 2025<\/p>\r\n\t\t<p>Published on October 9, 2025<\/p>\r\n                    <p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32802\/asmscj.2025.0190\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32802\/asmscj.2025.0190<\/a><\/p>\r\n        \r\n                    <p><strong>Author: <\/strong>Ummi Amira, Muhammad Ezzudin and Rabeta Mohd Salleh<\/p>\r\n        \r\n                    <p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">Ulam  raja  (Cosmos  caudatus)  is  a  popular  medicinal  herb due  to  its  high  content  of  bioactive compounds. However, the leaves must be dried prior to use to extend the shelf life of C. caudatus leaf powder. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of different oven drying times and temperatures on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of C. caudatus leaf powder. The leaves were dried at 60\u202f\u00b0C, 80\u202f\u00b0C, and 100\u202f\u00b0C, and the moisture reduction kinetics were modelled using  zero\u2011,  first\u2011,  and  second\u2011order  reaction  equations  to  determine  the  drying  rate  constants. Proximate  analysis  was  conducted  and  the  aqueous  leaf  extracts  were  prepared  for  antioxidant evaluation,  including  total  phenolic  content  via  the  Folin\u2013Ciocalteu  assay  and  radical  scavenging activity using the DPPH assay. Color (L, a, b*) were also measured to assess extract  quality. The second\u2011order kinetic model was identified as the most suitable for describing the drying rate of  C. caudatus leaves.  Both  nutrient  and  phenolic  contents  were  significantly  reduced  at  higher  drying temperatures  (80\u202f\u00b0C  to  100\u202f\u00b0C),  as  excessive  heat  compromised  leaf  quality.  While  higher  drying temperatures  shortened  drying  time,  60\u202f\u00b0C  yielded  the  highest  activation  energy  (25.508\u202fkJ\/mol) without compromising energy consumption, drying efficiency, or nutritional quality.<\/p>\r\n        \r\n                    <p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>\r\n                Cosmos caudatus, drying, kinetic model, Moisture content            <\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t<div class=\"asmsj-citation-box\">\r\n        <h3>How to Cite<\/h3>\r\n        <p id=\"citation-text\">\r\n            2025. Kinetic Study on the Physicochemical of Ulam Raja (Cosmos caudatus) Leaves Powder. <em>ASM Science Journal<\/em>, 20(2), 1-11. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32802\/asmscj.2025.0190\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32802\/asmscj.2025.0190<\/a>        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"asmsj-actions\">\r\n            <select id=\"citation-format\">\r\n                <option value=\"apa\">APA<\/option>\r\n                <option value=\"mla\">MLA<\/option>\r\n                <option value=\"chicago\">Chicago<\/option>\r\n                <option value=\"harvard\">Harvard<\/option>\r\n                <option value=\"ieee\">IEEE<\/option>\r\n                <option value=\"vancouver\">Vancouver<\/option>\r\n            <\/select>\r\n\r\n            <button id=\"copy-citation\">Copy<\/button>\r\n            <div id=\"loading-spinner\" class=\"hidden\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <script>\r\n    jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n        $('#citation-format').change(function() {\r\n            var format = $(this).val();\r\n            var postID = 8780;\r\n            \r\n            $('#loading-spinner').show(); \/\/ Show loading animation\r\n\r\n            $.post(asmsj_ajax.ajaxurl, {\r\n                action: 'generate_citation',\r\n                format: format,\r\n                post_id: postID\r\n            }, function(response) {\r\n                $('#citation-text').html(response);\r\n                $('#loading-spinner').hide(); \/\/ Hide loading animation\r\n            });\r\n        });\r\n\r\n        $('#copy-citation').click(function() {\r\n            var citation = $('#citation-text').text();\r\n            navigator.clipboard.writeText(citation).then(function() {\r\n                alert(\"Citation copied to clipboard!\");\r\n            });\r\n        });\r\n    });\r\n    <\/script>\r\n    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/5&#8243;][vc_widget_sidebar sidebar_id=&#8221;sidebar-blog&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ummi Amira, Muhammad Ezzudin and Rabeta Mohd Salleh<br \/><a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32802\/asmscj.2025.0190'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32802\/asmscj.2025.0190<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":827,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[3878,1799,3879,390],"issuem_issue":[3806],"class_list":["post-8780","article","type-article","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-articles","tag-cosmos-caudatus","tag-drying","tag-kinetic-model","tag-moisture-content","issuem_issue-asm-sc-j-vol-20-no-2-2025"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/8780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/827"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8780"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/8780\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8782,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/8780\/revisions\/8782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8780"},{"taxonomy":"issuem_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.akademisains.gov.my\/asmsj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issuem_issue?post=8780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}