Biochemistry in Sports Performance: Unlocking the Molecular Secrets to Enhanced Athletic Potential

ASM Sc. J., 21(1), 2026

Published on February 16, 2026

https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2026.0110

Author: Letisa Derveni, Aida Bendo

Abstract

Sports performance is a complex phenomenon supported by intricate biological mechanisms. This review delves into the intricate interplay between biochemistry and sports performance, highlighting crucial biological pathways that influence athletic potential and the optimisation of recuperation treatments and diet plans. This review focuses on the biochemical processes governing energy metabolism, muscle function, and recovery in athletes, highlighting the role of nutritional biochemistry, ergogenic aids, oxidative stress ma nagement, and biomarker monitoring. A thorough literature search was conducted across databases, focusing on sports biochemistry, exercise physiology, nutrition, and molecular biology. Data from selected studies were synthesi sed and critically analysed. This review explores energy metabolism pathways, proteins, and signa lling networks in athletic activities, muscular contraction, hypertrophy, and exhaustion. It also examines ergogenic aids, antioxidant techniques, macronutrient consumption, and biomarkers for individualised training regimens and fatigue tracking. Focused therapies alter metabolic pathways, enhance athletic performance by optimising energy metabolism, boosting muscle protein synthesis, mitigating oxidative stress, and selecting appropriate ergogenic aids. Sports biochemistry provides a foundation for understanding athletic performance, integrating biochemical knowledge with training and nutritional methods. Future studies aim to develop tailored therapies, identify biomarkers, and clarify ergogenic aid mechanisms, enabling a more scientific and evidence -based approach to sports training.

Keywords: athletic performance, biochemical manipulation, biomarkers, ergogenic aids, muscle biochemistry, oxidative stress