Recent Progress in Plasmonic Assisted Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Food Security Applications

ASM Sc. J., 20(2), 2025

Published on November 7, 2025

https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2025.1584

Author: Nur Farhana Fadzil, Wan Maisarah Mukhtar, Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid and Nur Athirah Mohd Taib

Abstract

Food security and related environmental safety issues have become a central concern all over the world with the globalised trade of food commodities. Consumer awareness arises regarding the foodborne pathogens and other toxic substances, such as Aflatoxins, mycotoxins, pesticides and veterinary drug residue, that will lead to more hazardous health effects. This article reviews the potential of plasmonic- based Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for food security applications by focusing on grating designs and fibre optics structures, material properties, sensitivities and their recent applications. In food security, the current usages of plasmonic FBG-based sensors have covered diverse applications such as thrombin detection, protein detection, smart farming (humidity and temperature detection), glucose detection, contamination of heavy metal ions in drinking water detection, salinity monitoring and methane sensing. Among various designs of gratings, tilted FBG (TFBG) shows an outstanding sensing property owing to the combination of spectral resonances and SPR, in which resulted in the excitation of strong evanescent waves. This study suggests the hybrid structure of multimode fibre (MMF)-TFBG produced in better sensitivity than single-mode fibre (SMF)-TFBG owing to its large numerical aperture that increases the mode field diameter and the number of propagating modes. In conclusion, the plasmonic FBG-based sensor is a promising candidate for food security monitoring with regard to its outstanding properties, including simple structure, portability and high-sensitivity.

Keywords: Fiber Bragg grating, food security, optical fibre, sensor, Surface plasmon resonance