A Static Coil Misalignment Study Using Gaussian Curve Fitting: Foundations for Sensorless Dynamic WPT

ASM Sc. J., 21(1), 2026

Published on June 25, 2026

https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2026.1005

Author: Jabbar A. F. Yahaya, Muhammad Sukriyllah, Reyasudin Basir Khan M., Endang Susanti

Abstract

Lateral misalignment poses a significant challenge in the field of wireless power transfer, particularly in dynamic systems where the receiver coil exhibits relative motion to the transmitter. Although many earlier studies have primarily focused on advance d coil designs in dynamic scenarios, this research investigates how circular coils that are integrated with sensorless -based algorithms behave when subjected to static lateral shifts within a distance of −10 cm to +10 cm. Root-mean-square current readings were collected systematically, and the Gaussian curve fitting method was applied to accurately depict the spatial changes of the circular coil magnetic coupling. The assessments were also carried out with vertical coil distances set at 2.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 4.5 cm, and 5.5 cm. The measured data suggest that peak Irms values experience a steady decline as the air gap is increased, accompanied by a concurrent increase in Gaussian spread, highlighting a coupling region that is more sensitive to changes in system par ameters. The centre alignment metric hovered around zero, indicating that the coils were aligned correctly and the reliability of the positioning setup. The implementation of the inverse Gaussian model facilitated the estimation of lateral displacement in the absence of positional sensors, with measurement errors typically kept within ±1.5 cm. Additionally, the peak-to-peak voltage exhibited an exponential decay characteristic as the vertical distance increased, consistent with the expected decline in magne tic coupling effectiveness. Although the experimental arrangement was performed under static (non -moving) conditions, the results establish a predictive modelling framework that serves as a hypothesis for real -time estimation in future dynamic wireless power transfer applications.

Keywords: Circular Coil Geometry, Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT), Gaussian Curve Fitting, Lateral Misalignment Modelling, Mutual Inductance Estimation