Science Outlook 2020 – Unlocking the Future (SO2020) explores STI progress in Malaysia since the declaration of Vision 2020. This report probes selected STI-related indicators and the impact of national-level programmes, frameworks, and initiatives from the year 1991 to 2020. This data is used to identify the strengths and shortfalls of the present STI ecosystem (see Chapter 6) and how the ecosystem can be stimulated to boost Malaysia’s sustainable growth into a high-income nation.